Poachers strike again !
A recent press report has raised the issue of how to deal with the poaching of charismatic megafauna. Here is the news as the Guardian reported it; http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/may/23/indian-state-forest-guards-poachers?INTCMP=SRCH.
To summarise the Indian state of Maharashtra has announced that the ‘killing or injuring of suspected poachers ‘ will no longer be viewed as a crime’. A fund has also been set up to reward informers whose information leads to poachers. This has been followed by the news that a bounty of 5 Lakh rupees (£5850 or $9000) has been offered by a local politician for anyone shooting a tiger poacher in Eastern Maharashtra.
The context of this is that these ‘initiatives’ reflect a wider anxiety about the number of known poaching related tiger deaths in India in 2012, at least 14 so far, of which 8 have been in Maharashtra. The city of Nagpur in the north of the state is known as a hub for the trade in wildlife parts. Recently the remains of a adult tiger were found in Tadoba Tiger Reserve, missing the head, paws and vital organs, all of which suggests that it was killed for the Chinese ‘medicinal’ trade.
There are several issues so I should set my own position out. My immediate visceral ( and it is a gut-level) reaction is to exterminate the brutes, by which I mean all the human beings involved from the poachers setting the traps all the way up through the chain of middle men to presumably a wealthy end user (who in my imagination always resembles an Oriental Count Dracula) slurping tiger soup to cure his flagging libido. In this fleeting irrational phantasy that ‘will learn them’ to use the Yorkshire vernacular. Of course this will learn no one anything and it takes less than a moments reflection to recognise that such a reaction on my part which grows out of a deep sorrow at human folly and greed towards natural systems is undeniably a fascist response and one that I rationally and rightly refute utterly. No matter that I can recognise that it is an instinctive limbic system response to the threat to something that I love. An admission here; I have days of such extreme sensitivity to such matters that the sight of a fox or badger carcass on the road is a constellation of pain that is almost unbearable. It might be sentimental and given that I’d feel much the same about a dead human being I feel no need to apologise for it. That is the reality of empathy and my personal limits to my instinctive empathy are somewhere around the insects. So I struggle to empathise with the housefly yet can empathise with the magnificent cockchafer that flew into my laptop one evening this week. I’ll have to more to say on that issue of empathy later as that curious complex seems at the heart of what makes us most human. And yet I can’t unthink the unpleasant ‘fascist’ response that was my first reaction to the news of the dead tiger at Tadoba.
And if fascist seems rather a strong term for the response here I point to the fact that the one of the dangers of environmentalism in its more radical forms is that it can skirt moral and philosophical positions that are frequently indistinguishable from fascism. So for instance the local politician offering a reward for the shooting of poachers has expressed an admiration for Adolf Hitler. In mitigation, he has also expressed admiration for Mahatma Gandhi and what is fascinating is the absence of any sense of the necessary extraordinary philosophical contortions required to reconcile the two positions. Of course the expression of support for Hitler’s views that one finds in India are familiar to anyone that travels there regularly; Mein Kampf for sale at airport bookshops for instance.I’d take the view that this kind of view is largely uninformed and this sort of ‘Hitlerism’ is associated with the kind of empowerment of the powerless, much like the teenage Nepali that I shared a bus ride with many years ago whose passionate defence of ‘Auto Fiddler’ was incomprehensible until I got my ear in for the nuances of Nepali pronunciation. I don’t underestimate the ideological appeal of fascism to the disenfranchised or disgruntled (an obvious point) but am more worried about its lure to the political classes whose phantasies tend toward their own personal reruns of the Nurenberg rallies. Perhaps the most sobering thought is that in the complex relationship between human societies and natural systems since we were efficient enough to make a difference that it is the more authoritarian social systems that have preserved the greatest biological diversity. I’ll have more to say about the links between environmentalism and fascism or ‘ecofascism’, in my next post.